AAIS THEATRICAL
PROPERTY COVERAGE ANALYSIS
(August 2025)
IM 1505–Schedule of
Coverages–Theatrical Property IM 1500–Theatrical Property Coverage
Analysis |
The American
Association of Insurance Services (AAIS) offers Theatrical Property Coverage,
which insures property used in staging theatrical productions. This coverage
includes scenery, costumes, and other theatrical items specifically designed
for these productions. It is intended for traveling theater companies and is
not limited to specific locations.
Theatrical productions
or plays are eligible. However, carnivals, circuses, and rodeos are not
eligible. Costume rental companies and theatrical suppliers are not eligible to
purchase this coverage.
AAIS Theatrical
Property coverage requires at least these four forms:
Related Article: CL 0100 AAIS
Commercial Lines Common Policy Conditions
This Schedule of
Coverages is used with IM 1500 – Theatrical Property Coverage. It contains the
following information:
The item number,
production description, and applicable insurance limit are entered in the
designated spaces.
The deductible amount for each covered loss
must be entered in the space provided.
Breakage, marring,
scratching, or exposure to light is not covered under the policy. If coverage
is desired, a check mark must be placed in the area provided under the Optional
Coverages section of the schedule of coverages.
This coverage is
written on a non-reporting basis. This section provides spaces to enter the
annual premium, the non-reporting rate per $100, and any applicable minimum
premium.
This analysis is of the
09 05 edition.
A statement indicates certain
words and phrases highlighted in bold print in the coverage form are defined in
the Definitions section immediately following the Agreement.
NOTE: The schedule of coverages does
not have a clearly designated space to list endorsements or additional
schedules that apply at inception.
Defined words are used
throughout the coverage form. When these terms appear in the coverage form, the
meaning provided in this section must be applied.
NOTE: The Editors added
titles to enhance clarity.
These
are parties specifically named on the declarations as insureds.
This
definition refers to the insurance company providing the insurance coverage.
The
applicable coverage amount.
This term is broad
and covers various contaminants and irritants, including solids, liquids,
gases, or thermal or radioactive substances. It encompasses acids, alkalis,
chemicals, fumes, smoke, soot, vapor, and waste. Waste includes materials intended
for recycling, reclamation, reconditioning, or disposal. Additionally, visible
and invisible electrical or magnetic emissions, as well as sound emissions, are
also classified as pollutants.
Any page labeled as
such containing coverage information, including declarations or supplemental
declarations.
A sinkhole occurs
when the earth’s surface suddenly sinks or collapses into an underground cavity
formed by water erosion on limestone or other rock types. The definition of
sinkhole collapse excludes considerations of the land value or expenses
involved in filling sinkholes.
The definition contains the following specifically named
perils:
•
aircraft
•
civil commotion
•
explosion
•
falling objects
•
fire
•
hail
•
leakage from fire
extinguishing equipment
•
lightning
•
riot
•
sinkhole collapse
•
smoke
•
sonic boom
•
vandalism
•
vehicles
•
volcanic action
•
water damage
•
weight of sleet,
snow, or ice
•
windstorm
Two of the above terms
need further explanation as follows:
•
Falling
Objects
This
coverage does not extend to personal property stored outdoors. Additionally, it
does not cover damage to the interiors of buildings or personal property stored
inside buildings unless a falling object first breaches the building's
exterior.
•
Water
Damage
This refers to the sudden or accidental discharge or
leakage of water or steam. However, it must be a direct result of a part
of the system or appliance that holds the water or steam, which is cracking or
breaking.
All provisions, limitations, exclusions, conditions, and definitions
relevant to the coverage provided.
This action refers
to the effects of a volcanic eruption, which can include airborne volcanic
blasts, shock waves, ash, dust, particulate matter, or lava flow. However, it
does not cover the costs associated with removing ash, dust, or particulate
matter unless they cause direct physical damage to the insured property.
The insurance company
covers property described below, subject to any exclusions or limitations.
This form covers direct
physical loss to the named insured's covered property caused by a covered
peril. The covered property under this form is limited to theatrical property,
such as costumes, scenery, and similar property. Additionally, theatrical
property of others in the named insured's care, custody, or control is also
covered.
|
Example of Theatrical
Property |
The covered theatrical property is
limited to what is used in the production or productions listed on the coverage
schedule.
Example: The Melancholy Players have been performing for
more than ten years. Over the years, it has kept most
of the props, costumes, scenery, and other property in case they may be
useful for a future production. A fire destroys all of Melancholy's property.
Only the property listed in the Schedule of Productions on the Schedule of
Coverages form is covered for fire loss. |
There is no coverage
for the following property:
This form does not
apply to animals. No exceptions are allowed, and no definition of animals is
provided.
This form provides coverage exclusively for
theatrical property used in a production. It does not cover any buildings owned
by the troupe. Additionally, there is no coverage for any improvements made to
a building, even if those improvements are intended to assist with the
production. No exceptions apply to this exclusion.
|
Example: This is an example of a venue that a
local or professional theater company may rent for performances in a theater
space. It's important to understand that this property cannot be covered
under form IM 1500, as this policy exclusively provides coverage for
theatrical property utilized in a production. |
Property illegal to
possess is not covered. Property legal to possess but used as part of an
illegal trade or transported illegally is also not covered.
These items are not covered unless they
are used in the production described on the schedule of coverage.
Example: The Melancholy Players are reviving "His Girl
Friday," and an important scene in the production requires a substantial
roll-top desk, along with additional desks and chairs to create a newspaper
office setting. These items are currently covered, as they are part of the production's props. |
Jewelry and watches are not covered. Additionally, other items that
consist of precious or semi-precious stones, as well as gold, silver, or
platinum, are not covered.
NOTE: The policy does not explicitly state that
jewelry and watches not made of stones or precious metals are covered.
Therefore, this implies that costume jewelry is also not included in the
coverage. The wording is unclear and could lead to ambiguity in the event of a
claim.
Currency, accounts, bills, food stamps, and other evidence of
debt are not covered. Transportation and admission tickets, as well as money,
notes, and securities, are also not covered.
NOTE: A Commercial Crime policy
might be considered for the above exposures.
Related
Article: Commercial Crime Coverage Analysis
Valuable papers and, specifically, deeds are not covered.
Motor vehicles that are licensed for use on roads or highways, or that
are being used on roads or highways, are not covered. However, there is an
exception: an unlicensed motor vehicle used as scenery or stage property in a
production specified in the schedule of coverages is covered.
This coverage is
optional and only applies if it is listed on the schedule of coverages.
This is used to remove
exclusion 2.c.
Loss caused by any of
the following perils damaging covered property will be paid:
·
Glass,
tubes, bulbs, lamps, or glass articles breaking
·
Marring
or scratching
·
Exposure
to light
Coverage applies to
risks of direct physical loss, unless the loss is limited or caused by an
excluded peril.
The
only collapse coverage provided is collapse caused by one or more of the following:
The following buildings and structures are not
considered to be in a state of collapse:
The covered property limit does not
increase for this coverage.
Example: The Melancholy Players are scheduled to perform at
Perilous Towers. Although they have expressed some concerns about the creaky
sounds coming from the building, they were assured that it has passed all
inspections and is structurally sound. All of their
belongings have been moved in, and rehearsals have begun. However, during the night, part of the roof suddenly collapsed, destroying all of
the Melancholy Players' property. Fortunately, the loss is covered by
insurance, as the collapse was unexpected and caused by hidden decay that the
insured was not aware of. |
The first group of exclusions is
essentially absolute. Subject to specific exceptions, loss or damage by
each is fully excluded, regardless of any other cause or event contributing
to a loss, either concurrently or in any other sequence. The insurance company
does not pay for any direct or indirect loss or damage caused by or resulting
from any of these events.
There
is no coverage for loss resulting from orders issued by any civil or
government authority. Such orders may include seizure, confiscation,
destruction, or quarantine of property. However, this exclusion is not limited
to these specific actions. The only
exception is when a civil authority destroys property to control a fire that
causes loss or damage. This exception applies only if the fire is caused by a
covered peril
b. Nuclear Hazard
The insurance company does not
cover loss or damage from any nuclear reaction, radiation, or contamination,
whether the incident was controlled or not, or caused by any means. Any loss
caused by the nuclear hazard is not considered a fire, explosion, or smoke
loss. However, coverage does include direct loss or damage caused
by fire resulting from the nuclear hazard.
The insurance company does not cover loss or damage caused by any act of war.
This includes undeclared wars, civil wars, or warlike actions by military
forces. Additionally, measures taken to hinder or defend against actual or
expected attack by any government or sovereign authority using military
personnel or agents are also classified as war and are not covered.
In addition, acts of insurrection, rebellion,
revolution, or unlawful power seizure, along with any government measures to
prevent or defend against these acts, are excluded. If any such action
involves nuclear reactions, radiation, or contamination, this exclusion
overrides the nuclear hazard exclusion.
NOTE: This
means the exception for fire resulting from a nuclear hazard does not apply
when it is caused by war.
The second group of exclusions
applies to loss or damage caused by or resulting from any of the
following events. Some of these exclusions have exceptions, conditions, or
limitations that should be carefully noted and reviewed. The insurance
company will not cover any loss or damage caused by any of these events.
There is no coverage for losses caused by or resulting from acts or
decisions made by any person, organization, or government entity. This
exclusion also applies to instances where there is a failure to act or decide.
However, there is an exception to this exclusion. If an act or decision,
or a failure to act or decide, leads to a covered peril, then the loss or
damage caused by that peril is covered.
Coverage does
not extend to loss or damage caused by nesting, infestation, or the discharge
or release of waste, secretions, or other substances by animals. This
definition of "animals" includes, but is not limited to, birds,
insects, and vermin. However, if any of these excluded events lead to a covered
peril, the resulting loss or damage from that peril is covered.
Example: The Kensington Players
are presenting a summer outdoor program. Unfortunately, the way the backdrop
was constructed attracted bees. The players were dismayed when bees swarmed,
and honey began to drip down the walls. As a result, the backdrop had to be
destroyed and rebuilt. No coverage is provided due to this exclusion. |
Loss or damage caused
by the breaking of glass objects or items made mostly of glass is excluded. Additionally,
when loss or damage is caused by property
being marred, scratched, or exposed to light; there is also no coverage.
However, if breakage, marring,
scratching, or exposure to light results in a “specified peril,” theft, or
attempted theft, coverage will apply provided the loss or damage is caused by
one of these three exceptions. Additionally, there is coverage if the property
is in the custody of a carrier for hire.
Example: Melancholy's current production is Guess Who's Coming to Dinner. It
requires a well-set table with lovely china and
crystal. These items are carefully packed, but when they are unloaded, a cast
member, who was moving too quickly, tripped over the open crate, resulting in
half of the items being smashed. Because of this exclusion, no coverage
applies. However, if the optional coverage for Breakage, Marring, Scratching,
or Exposure to Light had been purchased, coverage would apply. |
Loss
caused by collapse is not covered unless the collapse is included under Other
Coverages - Collapse, in which case coverage applies. Additionally, if an
excluded collapse results in a covered peril, coverage extends to the damage or
loss caused by that peril.
Loss or damage caused by contamination or deterioration
is excluded. This includes, but is not limited to, corrosion, decay, fungus,
mildew, mold, rot, and rust. It also applies to any quality, defect, or
weakness in the covered property that leads to self-damage or destruction,
although this list is not exhaustive.
However, if contamination or deterioration results in a
covered peril, the resulting loss or damage from that peril is covered.
Coverage does not apply
to loss caused by, or resulting from criminal, fraudulent, dishonest, or
illegal acts committed by any of the following, whether alone or in collusion
with others:
·
The
named insured.
·
Others
with an interest in the property.
·
Others
to whom the property has been entrusted.
·
The
named insured's partners, officers, directors, trustees, joint venturers,
members or managers, as applicable, based on the named insured’s type of
business organization.
·
Employees
of any of the groups listed above. Employees are excluded even if the act
occurs when they are not considered to be working.
However, this exclusion
does not apply to covered property in the care of a
hired carrier.
There is no coverage for loss or damage caused by artificially generated
electrical currents that damage electrical equipment or wiring inside the
insured property. This exclusion specifically applies to the property that
generated the electrical current.
However, there is an exception to this exclusion. If electrical currents
lead to a fire or explosion, the loss or damage resulting from that fire or
explosion is covered.
An important provision
included in this exclusion applies both on and off the designated premises and
remains valid regardless of any negligence. However, if loss or damage from one
of the listed events leads to a covered peril, any loss or damage caused by
this peril is covered.
There is no coverage for loss
resulting from delay, loss of use, or
loss of market.
Loss to insured property caused by
mechanical breakdown or failure is excluded from coverage. Additionally, losses
resulting from rupture or bursting due to centrifugal force are also not
covered. However, if an excluded loss leads to a covered peril, the resulting
damage from that covered peril will be covered.
This is the unexplained or mysterious
disappearance of covered property, and it is not covered when there
is no physical evidence indicating what happened to it, especially if the only
proof of a loss is based on an audit or physical inventory. However,
this rule has an exception. It does not apply to covered property in the
custody of carriers for hire.
Example: Melancholy's
prop master is beside himself. The elaborate
centerpiece for the dinner table is missing. It does not belong to the
company, and he cannot imagine who might have taken it. There are no obvious
signs to indicate it was stolen. He knows it was in the room when he locked
up the night before, but it was not there when he opened the door in the
morning. Since there is no proof a covered peril occurred, there is no
coverage. |
If loss or damage occurs due to the repair, adjustment, service, or
maintenance of covered property, it is generally excluded from coverage. There
is an exception to this rule: if any actions result in a fire or explosion, the
resulting loss or damage caused by the fire or explosion will There is an
exception to this rule: if any actions result in a fire or explosion, the
resulting loss or damage caused by the fire or explosion will be covered.be
covered.
Coverage is not provided when dryness, dampness, humidity, or changes
and extremes of temperature cause or result in loss or damage to covered
property.
This exclusion has an exception: if any of the above results in a
covered peril, the loss or damage caused by that peril is covered.
Coverage
does not apply to theft of covered property from an unattended vehicle unless
the vehicle was locked, its windows securely closed, and there was visible evidence of forced entry into the
vehicle. However, it does not apply to covered property in the custody of
carriers for hire.
|
Example: Melancholy
is excited about its upcoming production of Cats. It is the most elaborate
production they have attempted. It is using Props and Things, a carrier for
hire, to transport most of the large set pieces. When items are stolen from one of the trucks,
coverage applies even if the truck was unattended and unlocked at the time of
the theft. |
Coverage does not apply if a loss occurs
because the property was transferred to
another person or sent elsewhere due to unauthorized instructions.
Example: We R Quick Delivery Service received a call from
someone claiming to be the prop master for Melancholy, stating that the
production had moved to a different city. Acting on this information, We R
Quick delivered the props to the person who opened the door at the theater. The following day, the
real prop master from Melancholy contacted We R Quick, furious because the
props had not been delivered as expected. He was upset to learn the items had
been delivered to another theater and were now missing. His frustration grew
when he discovered that their policy did not cover items given to others
based on unauthorized instructions. |
q. Voluntary Parting
Loss of covered property voluntarily given to others is not
covered, regardless of whether the surrender was due to fraud, trickery, or
false pretenses.
Loss or damage caused
by wear and tear is not covered. However, if wear and tear leads to a covered
peril, the resulting loss or damage from that peril is covered.
Loss or damage due to weather
conditions is excluded, but only when the loss is caused by a weather condition
combined with a cause of loss excluded in 1. Primary Exclusion above. However, if
weather conditions lead to a covered peril, then the loss caused by that peril
is covered.
The named insured must
promptly notify the insurance company or its agent of any loss. The notice
should clearly specify the property that has been lost or damaged. If a
criminal act caused the loss, the relevant law enforcement agency must
also be informed. The insurance company may request that the loss notice be
provided in writing.
During and after a
loss, the named insured is required to take all reasonable steps to prevent
further damage to covered property. The insurance company will cover reasonable
costs incurred by the insured for this purpose, provided they maintain accurate
records to verify the costs. The expenses are part of the policy limits and not
in addition to them.
However, there is no
coverage for repairs or emergency measures taken for property not already
damaged by a covered peril.
NOTE: Any
such costs incurred will reduce the amount available to pay the actual
loss.
The proof of loss must also specify the named insured’s
interest and the interests of others in the property involved, including liens
and mortgages. Any changes to the title of the property during the policy
period must be disclosed, along with any other reasonable information the
company may need, such as inventories, specifications, and estimates for
settling the loss.
The insurance company
may require the named insured to be examined under oath regarding the loss.
These examinations can be requested more than once, but such requests must be
reasonable. If multiple individuals are examined, the insurance company has the
right to question each person separately.
The named insured has
the right to make payments, assume obligations, offer rewards, or incur other
expenses. However, without written approval from the insurance company, they
cannot expect reimbursement. The only exception is for costs related to property
protection, as described in item 2 above.
The
insurance company determines when and if it will assume ownership of the
property belonging to the named insured. As a result, the named insured is not permitted to abandon
damaged property to the insurance company unless they receive written approval
to do so.
The named insured is
required to cooperate with the insurance company. Any actions stipulated in
this policy must be completed by the named insured.
The
valuation of covered property is subject to two main factors: (2) Pair or Set,
and (3) Loss to Parts. The value of all covered property is determined by its
actual cash value at the time of loss. Actual cash value is calculated as the
replacement cost (new value) minus depreciation.
The value of a loss
involving damage or loss of one part of a pair or set is calculated
based on a fair proportion of the overall value of the entire pair or set.
However, losing one part of a pair or set is not regarded as a complete
loss.
NOTE: This recognizes that the value of the
whole is greater than the value of individual parts, but the remaining parts
still have value as separate.
The value of a lost
or damaged part of a property, which consists of several components, is
determined by the cost to repair or replace only the specific lost or damaged
part.
The insurance company does not
pay more than the named insured's insurable interest in the covered property at
the time of loss.
The insurance company pays only
the amount of loss exceeding the deductible amount on the schedule of
coverages.
All items are subject
to items 1., 2., 4., 5., and 6. in this section.
o
The
material must be of like kind and quality or as similar as practicable.
This provision is
applicable only to losses occurring to a production listed on the schedule of
coverages.
The insurance company
does not pay the full amount of any loss if the value of all covered property
at the time of the loss, multiplied by 80%, exceeds the insurance limit. The
following are the steps the insurance company takes to determine the amount it
pays.
Step 1. Assess the value of all items that experienced
a loss, excluding any property in transit, using their value at the time of the
loss, from the coinsurance calculation.
Step 2. Take the total value of items in Step 1. and
multiply by the coinsurance percentage of 80.
Step 3. Divide the limit for the covered property for
that production, subject to coinsurance, by the result determined in Step 2.
NOTE: Stop here if the result is 1.00 or higher
because no coinsurance penalty applies. Go to Step 4 only if the result is less
than 1.00.
Step 4. Multiply the total amount of loss, prior to
the application of a deductible, by the percentage determined in Step 3.
Step 5. Subtract the applicable deductible from Step
4.
The insurance company does not
pay more than the amount determined in Step 5. or the limit of insurance,
whichever is less. It does not pay any remaining part of the loss.
The named insured may
have an additional policy that falls under the same terms as this coverage
form. In such cases, this coverage form will only pay its portion of the
covered loss. This portion is determined by the ratio of its limit of insurance
to the total limits of insurance from all policies that cover the same loss in
the same manner.
Additional coverage
options may be available to address the loss, beyond what is stated in item
5.a. If this is the case, the coverage form will provide payment on an excess
basis. This means it will cover only the amount of the covered loss exceeding what
the other insurance covers, regardless of whether the other coverage can be
collected. Any payments issued will be subject to the relevant insurance limit.
The insurance company has the following loss payment
options if a covered loss occurs:
·
Pay the value of the property
that sustained loss or damage.
·
Pay the cost to repair or
replace the property that sustained loss or damage.
·
Rebuild, repair, or replace the
property with similar property, to the extent possible, and it must be
accomplished within a reasonable time period.
·
Take any part or all of the property based on the value that has been agreed
upon or determined through appraisal.
The insurance company must inform the named insured
of its decision to rebuild, repair, or replace within
30 days after receiving a properly completed proof of loss.
The insurance company
handles all losses with the named insured and compensates them for the loss.
The only exception occurs when a loss payee is listed on the policy.
The insurance company
will pay for a covered loss within 30 days after receiving a properly completed
proof of loss and determining the amount of the loss. The loss amount is
established either through a written agreement between the company and the named
insured or after an appraisal award is submitted to the company.
The insurance company
has the option to adjust and pay losses involving property of others to either
the named insured on behalf of the property owner or to the property owner
directly.
The insurance company
is not obligated to pay the named insured when it pays the property owner. Additionally,
if the property owner sues the named insured, the company has the option to
defend the named insured in that lawsuit.
The insurance
company and the insured may not always agree on the value of a covered claim. This condition provides one
method to resolve disputed claims.
Either party can request an appraisal to determine the
value of a disputed claim. Once requested, the parties have 20 days to select
their own independent and qualified appraisers and to share the names of their
appraisers with the other party. The two appraisers then have 15 days to choose
an impartial and qualified umpire. If they cannot agree on an umpire within
that period, either party may ask a judge in the court of record in the state
where the property is located to appoint one.
The appraisers then assess the value of the claim. They
submit any disagreements to the umpire for resolution. Once any two of the
three parties agree, the loss amount is final.
Each party is responsible for paying its own appraiser,
while both parties share the costs of the umpire and any other expenses
equally.
The insurance does not directly
or indirectly benefit any party holding custody of the named insured's
property.
Any condition in this coverage
form conflicting with any applicable law is amended to conform to that law.
This applies only
when the named insured is an individual.
When the named
insured passes away, the individual in custody of the insured's property
remains an insured for that property until a qualified legal representative is
appointed. After the appointment of the legal representative, that person
becomes an insured, but only for the property covered under this policy.
This coverage does
not extend past the policy's expiration date.
A revision of this
coverage form or any applicable endorsement that becomes effective during the
policy period, or within six months of when coverage begins, may expand the
coverage without an additional premium charge. In such cases, the expanded
coverage will apply to this policy.
This coverage is void if any
insured at any time willfully conceals or
misrepresents a material fact related to the insurance, the property covered,
or its interest in the property. It is also void if any insured commits fraud
or false swearing concerning the insurance or the property covered.
NOTE: The named insured must
be truthful with the insurance company. Its rights of recovery can be lost if
it intentionally misstates or hides a material fact or piece of information.
This means the insurance coverage is considered to have never existed rather
than simply denying a specific claim.
Only covered losses occurring
during the policy period are paid.
Payment of the loss
does not end the obligations of the named insured and the insurance company
toward one another. Additional provisions apply if the insurance company pays a
loss and the lost or damaged property is subsequently recovered, or the parties
responsible for the loss pay for it.
Either party that
recovers property or payment must inform the other. Recovery expenses incurred
by either party are reimbursed first. If the named insured retains the
recovered property, it must refund the amount of the claim the insurance
company paid, unless the company agrees to a different amount.
If the claim paid is
less than the agreed-upon loss due to the application of a deductible or other
limitation, any recovery is prorated between the named
insured and the insurance company, based on the company's respective interest
in the loss.
Payment of a claim does not
reduce the limit available for future claims.
The insurance company
acquires the named insured's rights of recovery from third parties after it
pays a loss. The named insured must assist the company in securing those
rights. The insurance company is not obligated to pay the loss if the named
insured hinders or impairs its rights of subrogation.
The named insured has the right
to agree in writing to waive recovery rights from any party if it does so
before a loss occurs.
The insurance company
cannot be sued by anyone for any coverage until all the terms of the coverage
form have been met. Suits must be brought within two years after the insured
first becomes aware of a loss. If a state law invalidates this condition, any
suit brought must comply with that law's provisions and commence within the
shortest period allowed by law.
NOTE: It is common for a basic coverage form to be modified
by mandatory state-specific endorsements addressing issues related to the
specific state.
Covered property must be in
the United States of America, its territories, and
possessions, Canada, or Puerto Rico for coverage to apply.
AAIS has not developed
endorsements to use with Theatrical Property Coverage.
Coverage applies to
property not defined by a specific location. This property could be on the
road, at a temporary storage site, or in a theater. The most important aspect
of the coverage is maintaining an accurate inventory of the property assigned
to each specific production. It is essential to have one person responsible for
managing the necessary inventories for every covered production.
Ensuring appropriate
security and protection for the property is crucial; however, these
requirements may vary significantly depending on the production, the quality of
the props, and the accessibility of the property.
Prior loss information is also important, as it may indicate
potential weaknesses in control measures. Additionally, the method of transport
is crucial, as accidents in transit could lead to the total loss of all
property. Utilizing a carrier for hire may help limit exposure under the
policy.